sum
Latin
verb
Definitions
- (copulative) to be, exist, have
- to be there impersonal verb
- (Medieval Latin) to go
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Italic *ezom inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (I am, I exist, am) inherited from Proto-Italic *(fe)fūai, *fuiō inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (become, grow, come into being, appear, be, he became), *h₁es- (be, exist).
Origin
Proto-Indo-European
*h₁es-
Gloss
be, exist
Concept
Semantic Field
Miscellaneous function words
Ontological Category
Action/Process
Emoji
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- abessive English
- am English
- amn't English
- assiduous English
- coresident English
- essive English
- estre English
- fiat English
- insidious English
- nonresident English
- obsess English
- physio- English
- probate English
- probation English
- sedate English
- sedentary English
- sessile English
- setting English
- suttee English
- *estō Latin
- *sum Latin
- -bo Latin
- -bundus Latin
- abesse Latin
- absens Latin
- absum Latin
- adminiculabundus Latin
- adsum Latin
- aestuabundus Latin
- amorabundus Latin
- assessus Latin
- civis romanus sum Latin
- cīvis Latin
- desum Latin
- dissidēns Latin
- esse Latin
- essentia Latin
- estō Latin
- fuisset Latin
- futurus Latin
- futūrus Latin
- insum Latin
- interesse Latin
- intersum Latin
- obsidēre Latin
- obsum Latin
- posse, possum Latin
- possessus Latin
- possibilis Latin
- possum Latin
- potens, potentis Latin
- potentia Latin
- potentialis Latin
- praesum Latin
- proba Latin
- probabilis Latin
- probare Latin
- probābilis Latin
- probō Latin
- prosum Latin
- quinta essentia Latin
- residentia Latin
- resideō Latin
- residēns Latin
- rōmānus Latin
- sedes Latin
- sedeō, sedēre Latin
- sedēre Latin
- sella Latin
- sessiō Latin
- sonus Latin
- stātus Latin
- stō Latin
- subsum Latin
- supersum Latin
- suum Latin
- suus, suum Latin
- sēdēs Latin
- Baustelle German
- Satz German
- Sitzkrieg German
- Status German
- assediamento Italian
- assediante Italian
- assediato Italian
- assediatore Italian
- assedio Italian
- bugiardino Italian
- esserino Italian
- fisicamente Italian
- riessere Italian
- sono Italian
- sonografia Italian
- sonometro Italian
- stato Italian
- unisono Italian
- boer Dutch, Flemish
- zetelen Dutch, Flemish
- ester French
- le sien French
- son French
- étage French
- état French
- абессивный Russian
- садить Russian
- Estado Spanish, Castilian
- estado Spanish, Castilian
- seigo Spanish, Castilian
- soy Spanish, Castilian
- su Spanish, Castilian
- Εὐνίκη Ancient Greek
- Εὔβοια Ancient Greek
- εἰμί Ancient Greek
- εὐ- Ancient Greek
- εὐαγγέλιον Ancient Greek
- εὐαγγελίζω Ancient Greek
- εὐδαιμονία Ancient Greek
- εὐδοκέω Ancient Greek
- εὐλογέω Ancient Greek
- εὐσεβής Ancient Greek
- εὐτυχία Ancient Greek
- εὐτύχημα Ancient Greek
- εὐώδης Ancient Greek
- εὔσκιος Ancient Greek
- εὔφρων Ancient Greek
- εὔψυχος Ancient Greek
- καθέζομαι Ancient Greek
- καθίζω Ancient Greek
- καθιζάνω Ancient Greek
- οὐσία Ancient Greek
- πάρειμι Ancient Greek
- προσκαθέζομαι Ancient Greek
- φυσική Ancient Greek
- φυσικός Ancient Greek
- φυσκικὴ ἐπιστήμη, φυσικός Ancient Greek
- φυτόν Ancient Greek
- φύσις Ancient Greek
- φύω Ancient Greek
- ἀπόφυσις Ancient Greek
- ἐσθλός Ancient Greek
- ἕδρα Ancient Greek
- ἱζάνω Ancient Greek
- ὤν Ancient Greek
- *-eh₂tos Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰeh₂ǵos Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰew- Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰuHyéti Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰéwH-e-ti Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰéwHeti, *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European
- *gʷṓws Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁esk(ʷ)e(h₁) Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁s-n̥t-yós Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁s-ónt-ih₂ Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁sn̥t-yó-s Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁su- Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁sónts Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁sónts, *h₁s-ónt-s Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁wésus Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁ésmi Proto-Indo-European
- *h₁ésti Proto-Indo-European
- *h₂wes- Proto-Indo-European
- *kʷel- Proto-Indo-European
- *nisdós Proto-Indo-European
- *pro- Proto-Indo-European
- *pro-bʰuH-s Proto-Indo-European
- *písdeh₂ Proto-Indo-European
- *sed- Proto-Indo-European
- *sedstós, *sedtós Proto-Indo-European
- *sewos Proto-Indo-European
- *sod-, *sed- Proto-Indo-European
- *sod-dʰlo- Proto-Indo-European
- *sod-tló- Proto-Indo-European
- *sod-tlō- Proto-Indo-European
- *sodos Proto-Indo-European
- *sodyom Proto-Indo-European
- *sodéyeti Proto-Indo-European
- *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European
- *stísteh₂ti Proto-Indo-European
- *sédos Proto-Indo-European
- *sédyeti, *séd-ye- Proto-Indo-European
- *sí-sd-e-ti, *sísdeti Proto-Indo-European
- *sísdeti Proto-Indo-European
- *tri-dʰh₁o- Proto-Indo-European
- *ḱóm Proto-Indo-European
- h₁n̥dʰi-bʰuH-om, *h₁n̥dʰí Proto-Indo-European
- ser Portuguese
- *beuną Proto-Germanic
- *bisatjaną Proto-Germanic
- *bisitjaną Proto-Germanic
- *buskaz Proto-Germanic
- *buþlą Proto-Germanic
- *bōþō Proto-Germanic
- *būaną Proto-Germanic
- *būraz Proto-Germanic
- *būwijaną Proto-Germanic
- *būwiz Proto-Germanic
- *būą Proto-Germanic
- *gasitjaną Proto-Germanic
- *immi Proto-Germanic
- *izum, *wesaną, *izud Proto-Germanic
- *nēhwagabūrô Proto-Germanic
- *sadulaz Proto-Germanic
- *sadulōną Proto-Germanic
- *sanþaz Proto-Germanic
- *sanþōniz Proto-Germanic
- *sanþōną Proto-Germanic
- *satjaną Proto-Germanic
- *setiją Proto-Germanic
- *setlaz Proto-Germanic
- *setulaz Proto-Germanic
- *sitjaną Proto-Germanic
- *sundijō Proto-Germanic
- *sundī Proto-Germanic
- *sētijaną Proto-Germanic
- *sētiją Proto-Germanic
- *sētō Proto-Germanic
- *sōtą Proto-Germanic
- *wesaną Proto-Germanic
- ansats Norwegian Nynorsk
- avsats Norwegian Nynorsk
- buar Norwegian Nynorsk
- forsats Norwegian Nynorsk
- oppsats Norwegian Nynorsk
- setjar Norwegian Nynorsk
- setjing Norwegian Nynorsk
- sett Norwegian Nynorsk
- settar Norwegian Nynorsk
- setting Norwegian Nynorsk
- eom Old English
- nēahġebūr Old English
- असंभावित Sanskrit
- असम्भव Sanskrit
- अस्ति Sanskrit
- अस्मि Sanskrit
- अस्मिता Sanskrit
- उद्भव Sanskrit
- भवति Sanskrit
- भाव Sanskrit
- भावना Sanskrit
- भावुक Sanskrit
- भू Sanskrit
- संभव Sanskrit
- सदन Sanskrit
- स्था Sanskrit
- स्वाभाविक Sanskrit
- am Middle English
- been Middle English
- besegen Middle English
- bóndi Old Norse
- bú Old Norse
- búa Old Norse
- búandi Old Norse
- búinn Old Norse
- búr Old Norse
- býr Old Norse
- bœr Old Norse
- dómarasæti Old Norse
- em Old Norse
- er Old Norse
- est, vera Old Norse
- hvars Old Norse
- nábúi Old Norse
- sannleikr Old Norse
- seta Old Norse
- setr Old Norse
- sáta Old Norse
- sæta Old Norse
- est Danish
- *byti Proto-Slavic
- *saďa Proto-Slavic
- *sedъlo Proto-Slavic
- *sědlo Proto-Slavic
- *sěděti Proto-Slavic
- *sěsti Proto-Slavic
- esence Czech
- estage Old French
- estat Old French
- ester Old French
- estre Old French
- sien Old French
- son Old French
- soun Old French
- ser Catalan, Valencian
- ésser Catalan, Valencian
- भावनात्मक Hindi
- ser Galician
- fi Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan
- ființă Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan
- sunt Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan
- نشستن Persian
- βυζί Greek (modern)
- hedd Welsh
- sedd Welsh
- ystad Welsh
- nabuer Middle Dutch
- staet Middle Dutch
- wesen Middle Dutch
- buari, bū(w)āri Old High German
- segli Latvian
- ատեան Old Armenian
- եմ Old Armenian
- at·tá Old Irish
- bí Old Irish
- boer Afrikaans
- san Norman
- ête Norman
- статус Bulgarian
- съм Bulgarian
- aderoj Albanian
- bushtër Albanian
- estre Middle French
- son Middle French
- 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- פּויער Yiddish
- *gabūr gmw-pro
- sīn Old Dutch
- seer Old Portuguese
- ბუჩქი Georgian
- *adsodeyeti Proto-Celtic
- *butā Proto-Celtic
- *buyeti Proto-Celtic
- *eks-dī-sedo- Proto-Celtic
- *esti Proto-Celtic
- *exs-dī-sed Proto-Celtic
- *sedeti Proto-Celtic
- *sistati Proto-Celtic
- *sizdi- Proto-Celtic
- dī-*sedo-, *eks-*dī- Proto-Celtic
- wesen Middle Low German
- *Has- Proto-Indo-Iranian
- *Hásmi Proto-Indo-Iranian
- *bʰúHmiš Proto-Indo-Iranian
- sīn Old Saxon
- escu Aromanian
- èsser Occitan
- öm Westrobothnian
- *(fe)fūai, *fuiō Proto-Italic
- *-βuwontnos Proto-Italic
- *ezom Proto-Italic
- *fefuai Proto-Italic
- *fuiō Proto-Italic
- *sedlā Proto-Italic
- *sedēō Proto-Italic
- *sowos Proto-Italic
- easser Romansh
- esser Romansh
- estáu Asturian
- бꙑти Church Slavic, Church Slavonic, Old Church Slavonic, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
- jessi Friulian
- stât Friulian
- sėdėti Lithuanian
- *Hásmi Proto-Indo-Aryan
- esser Old Occitan
- estat Old Occitan
- èssiri Sicilian
- stà Venetian
- èsare Venetian
- èser Venetian
- *būmā Proto-Albanian
- *būšta Proto-Albanian
- *esmi Proto-Albanian
- *sada Proto-Albanian
- *bū́ˀtei Proto-Balto-Slavic
- εἶμαι gkm
- saite Dalmatian
- esse Walloon
- étre Bourguignon
- stat Ladin
- essere Sardinian
- esse Neapolitan
- èssere Neapolitan
- ièsi Istriot
- *ehmi Proto-Hellenic
- étre Franco-Provençal
- estr Gallo
- étr Gallo
- ête Gallo
- ète Picard
- esse Piedmontese
- êser Emilian
- sou Old Catalan
- 𐌄𐌔𐌞 Faliscan
- sou Leonese
- săm Megleno-Romanian
- 𐌄𐌔𐌖 Umbrian
- étre Franc-Comtois
- être Lorrain
- être Bourbonnais-Berrichon
- stō
- -bo
- suum
- estō
- *sum
- suus
- esse
- probō
- posse
- proba
- *estō
- obsum
- adsum
- absum
- sedeō
- sēdēs
- sedes
- desum
- sella
- sonus
- suum
- cīvis
- insum
- possum
- stātus
- abesse
- sedēre
- prosum
- absens
- potens
- subsum
- sessiō
- -bundus
- futūrus
- probare
- possum
- praesum
- futurus
- sedēre
- fuisset
- rōmānus
- resideō
- residēns
- obsidēre
- intersum
- supersum
- potentia
- assessus
- essentia
- interesse
- possessus
- potentis
- dissidēns
- residentia
- possibilis
- probābilis
- probabilis
- amorabundus
- potentialis
- aestuabundus
- quinta essentia
- adminiculabundus
- civis romanus sum