rough
English
/ɹʌf/
adj
Definitions
- Not smooth; uneven.
- Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
- Turbulent.
- Difficult; trying.
- Crude; unrefined
- Violent; not careful or subtle
- Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
- Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.
- Harsh-tasting.
- (chiefly) Somewhat ill; sick
- (chiefly) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover
Etymology
Inherited from Middle English rough inherited from Old English rūg inherited from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (rough, coarse).
Origin
Proto-Germanic
*rūhaz
Gloss
rough, coarse
Concept
Semantic Field
The physical world
Ontological Category
Property
Emoji
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- buzzard English
- cast English
- drawn English
- dry English
- head English
- hew English
- leg English
- macrorough English
- macroroughness English
- microrough English
- microroughness English
- nanorough English
- nanoroughness English
- neck English
- nonrough English
- nonroughage English
- rider English
- riding English
- rough-hew English
- rough-legged buzzard English
- roughage English
- roughcast English
- roughdrawn English
- roughdry English
- roughen English
- roughhead English
- roughie English
- roughish English
- roughishly English
- roughishness English
- roughleg English
- roughly English
- roughneck English
- roughness English
- roughrider English
- roughriding English
- roughscuff English
- roughshod English
- roughsome English
- roughspun English
- roughstock English
- roughtail English
- roughwork English
- ruffmans English
- scuff English
- shod English
- spun English
- stock English
- tail English
- unrough English
- unroughly English
- work English
- Raufußbussard German
- Raureif German
- rau German
- rof Dutch, Flemish
- ruig Dutch, Flemish
- ruigpoot Dutch, Flemish
- ruigpoothoen Dutch, Flemish
- ruigpootuil Dutch, Flemish
- ruigte Dutch, Flemish
- *rūhaz Proto-Germanic
- ラフ Japanese
- rūg Old English
- rough Middle English
- rýja Old Norse
- rǫgg Old Norse
- rýja Icelandic
- ruuch Middle Dutch
- rūh Old High German
- rof Afrikaans
- rūch Middle High German
- rūhe Middle High German
- rau Luxembourgish, Letzeburgesch
- *rūh Old Dutch
- rûch Western Frisian
- *rūch Old Frisian
- leg
- hew
- dry
- spun
- shod
- head
- work
- neck
- cast
- tail
- scuff
- rider
- stock
- drawn
- riding
- unrough
- roughie
- roughen
- buzzard
- roughly
- nonrough
- roughish
- ruffmans
- roughdry
- roughage
- roughleg
- roughneck
- unroughly
- roughspun
- roughcast
- rough-hew
- roughwork
- roughness
- roughtail
- roughhead
- roughsome
- nanorough
- roughshod
- roughscuff
- roughrider
- roughstock
- roughdrawn
- microrough
- macrorough
- roughishly
- nonroughage
- roughriding
- roughishness
- nanoroughness
- microroughness
- macroroughness
- rough-legged buzzard