penalty
English
/ˈpɛnəlti/
noun
Definitions
- A legal sentence.
- A punishment for violating rules of procedure.
- (finance) A payment forfeited for an early withdrawal from an account or an investment.
- (football) A direct free kick from the penalty spot, taken after a defensive foul in the penalty box; a penalty kick.
- (ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French pénalité root from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (pay, pile up, honor, value, build, stow, avenge, observe, gather, pile).
Origin
Proto-Indo-European
*kʷey-
Gloss
pay, pile up, honor, value, build, stow, avenge, observe, gather, pile
Concept
Semantic Field
Possession
Ontological Category
Action/Process
Kanji
払
Emoji
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- impunity English
- mark English
- painlessly English
- painlessness English
- painstaking English
- painstakingly English
- painstakingness English
- penalization English
- penalize English
- penalty mark English
- penologic English
- penological English
- penologically English
- penologist English
- punishability English
- punishable English
- punisher English
- punitive English
- punitively English
- repinement English
- repiner English
- repiningly English
- unrepining English
- unrepiningly English
- poena Latin
- puniō Latin
- penalty Dutch, Flemish
- penalty French
- pénal French
- pénalité French
- пенальти Russian
- Τιμάνθης Ancient Greek
- Τιμοκρέων Ancient Greek
- Τιμολέων Ancient Greek
- Τιμοσθένης Ancient Greek
- Τιμοφάνης Ancient Greek
- Τιμόθεος Ancient Greek
- Τισίας Ancient Greek
- Τισαμενός Ancient Greek
- ποινή Ancient Greek
- τίμημα Ancient Greek
- τίνω Ancient Greek
- τίω Ancient Greek
- τιμάω Ancient Greek
- φιλότιμος Ancient Greek
- Ἀριστότιμος Ancient Greek
- *kʷes- Proto-Indo-European
- *kʷey Proto-Indo-European
- *kʷey- Proto-Indo-European
- *kʷi-meh₂- Proto-Indo-European
- *kʷoynéh₂ Proto-Indo-European
- *kʷéytis Proto-Indo-European
- *hwajją Proto-Germanic
- ペナルティ Japanese
- pīnian Old English
- चिता Sanskrit
- paynful Middle English
- paynles Middle English
- peinfully Middle English
- sub pena Middle English
- *kàjati Proto-Slavic
- punissement Old French
- پنالتی Persian
- pénalité Middle French
- *hwai gmw-pro
- *ad-kʷis-o- Proto-Celtic
- *kʷinuss Proto-Celtic
- بلنتي Hijazi Arabic
- *poiwéō Proto-Hellenic
- بلنتي Gulf Arabic